@conference {2019:icwe:liquid,
	title = {Multi-device Adaptation with Liquid Media Queries},
	booktitle = {19th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2019)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {June},
	pages = {474-489},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Daejeon, Korea},
	abstract = {The design of responsive Web applications is traditionally based on the assumption that they run on a single client at a time. Thanks to CSS3 media queries, developers can declaratively specify how the Web application UI adapts to the capabilities of specific devices. As users own more and more devices and they attempt to use them to run Web applications in parallel, we propose to extend CSS media queries so that they can be used to adapt the UI of liquid Web applications while they are dynamically deployed across multiple devices. In this paper we present our extension of CSS media queries with liquid-related types and features, allowing to detect the number of devices connected, the number of users running the application, or the role played by each device. The liquid media query types and features defined in this paper are designed and suitable for liquid component-based Web architectures, and they enable developers to control the deployment of individual Web components across multiple browsers. Furthermore we show the design of liquid media queries in the Liquid.js for Polymer framework and propose different adaptation algorithms. Finally we showcase the expressiveness of the liquid media queries to support real-world examples and evaluate the algorithmic complexity of our approach.},
	keywords = {complementary view adaptation, liquid software, liquid web application, liquid.js, media queries, multi-device adaptation, responsive user interface},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-19274-7_33},
	author = {Andrea Gallidabino and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@conference {liquidjs:2017:icwe,
	title = {Maturity Model for Liquid Web Architectures},
	booktitle = {17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE2017)},
	volume = {10360},
	year = {2017},
	month = {June},
	pages = {206-224},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Rome, Italy},
	abstract = {Whenever a user connects with more that one single device, either sequentially or concurrently, to a liquid Web application, the application adapts to the set of connected devices and it is able to flow seamlessly between them following the user attention. As opposed to traditional centralised architectures, in which the data and logic of the application resides entirely on a Web server, Liquid software needs decentralised or distributed architectures in order to achieve seamless application mobility between clients.
By decomposing Web application architectures into layers, following the Model View Controller design pattern, we define a maturity model for Web application architectures evolving from classical solid applications deployed on single devices, to fully liquid applications deployed across multiple Web-enabled devices.
The maturity model defines  different levels based on where the application layers are deployed and how they migrate or synchronize their state across multiple devices. The goal of the maturity model described in this paper is to understand, control and describe how Web applications following the liquid user experience paradigm are designed and also provide Web developers with a gradual adoption path to evolve existing Web applications.},
	keywords = {liquid software, liquid web application, maturity model},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-60131-1_12},
	author = {Andrea Gallidabino and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@conference {liquid:icwe:2015,
	title = {Towards Liquid Web Applications},
	booktitle = {15th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2015)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {June},
	pages = {134-143},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Rotterdam, NL},
	abstract = {As the complexity of rich Web applications grows together with the power and number of Web browsers, the next Web engineering challenge to be addressed is to design and deploy Web applications to make coherent use of all devices. As users nowadays operate multiple personal computers, smart phones, tablets, and computing devices embedded into home appliances or cars, the architecture of current Web applications needs to be redesigned to enable what we call Liquid Software. Liquid Web applications not only can take full advantage of the computing, storage and communication resources available on all devices owned by the end user, but also can seamlessly and dynamically migrate from one device to another continuously following the user attention and usage context. In this paper we address the Liquid Software concept in the context of Web applications and survey to which extent and how current Web technologies can support its novel requirements.},
	keywords = {liquid software, liquid web application, position paper},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-19890-3_10},
	author = {Tommi Mikkonen and Kari Systa and Cesare Pautasso}
}
